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粒径对消光粉消光能力影响研究
0 引言
0 Introduction
近几年来，我国的涂料工业发展迅猛，涂料总产量也跃居世界的前列。随着涂料产业的发展，人们对其色彩光泽的要求也不断提高，相应地，消光粉的应用范围也越来越广，市场需求量逐年递增。因此，对于消光粉性能的研究就显得尤为重要。本文从粒径分布角度出发，详细研究了不同粒径大小的消光粉在不同体系中消光能力的变化规律，其研究数据对涂料公司在的消光粉的购买选择，及其生产应用方面具有参考价值。
In recent years, the paint industry in China has developed rapidly, and the total output of paint is also in the forefront of the world. With the development of coatings industry, people's demand for their color and luster is also improving. Accordingly, the application range of extinction powder is also wider and wider, and the market demand is increasing year by year. Therefore, the study of the performance of the extinction powder is particularly important. From the perspective of particle size distribution, the changing rule of extinction power of different particle size matting powder in different systems is studied in detail. The research data have reference value for paint company's choice of extinction powder and its production and application.
1 光泽
1 luster
1.1 光泽和光泽的测定
1.1 determination of luster and luster
我们知道，物体在被光线照射时，会产生反射现象，而这种现象中的反射光线用一指标来表示就是光泽，反射强度的大小就是光泽度。光泽度用百分数表示[1]。由于不同的物体其表面凹凸程度即粗糙度不同，因此反射光线强度不同。表面越光滑，则反射光强度越大，光泽度也就越大；表面越凹凸不平，反射光强度越小，光泽度越小。通常用光泽仪来测定光泽度。有的光泽仪按入射角的不同有20°，60°和85°三个档位。根据光泽度的大小，可以将涂料分为亮光、亚光、无光等几种。
We know that when objects are irradiated by light, they will produce reflection phenomenon. The reflected light in this phenomenon is expressed by one index, that is, gloss. The intensity of reflection is gloss. The degree of glossiness is expressed as a percentage of [1]. Because the surface and convex degree of different objects are different, the intensity of reflected light is different. The more smooth the surface, the greater the intensity of the reflected light, the greater the glossiness, the more uneven the surface, the smaller the intensity of the reflected light, and the smaller the gloss. Gloss is usually used to determine glossiness. Some gloss are 20, 60, and 85 degrees, according to the angle of incidence. According to the size of glossiness, the paint can be divided into light, light, light and so on.
涂料按光泽度具体分类如下（以60°的反射光泽（即光线入射角为60°）划分为例）：无光涂料光泽度＜10%，亚光涂料光泽度15%～60%，亮光涂料光泽度＞60%。
According to the glossiness, the coatings are specifically classified as follows: the reflection gloss at 60 degree (i.e. the angle of light incidence is 60 degrees) is divided into an example: the matte paint gloss is less than 10%, the glossy gloss is 15% to 60%, and the gloss gloss of the gloss is 60%.
1.2 涂膜的成膜过程
The film forming process of 1.2 coating
涂料在实际应用时，由于其混合组分中多种溶剂会产生挥发作用，因而会形成干涂膜。然而涂膜过程中有两个方面能够显著影响涂膜表面的光泽度，其本质仍是表面粗糙程度不同引起的。一是，在涂料（尤指溶剂型涂料）有多种易挥发溶剂，不同的溶剂由于其物化性质不同，其挥发速率也有差异。当这几种挥发溶剂挥发速率差不多时，则涂膜表面相对趋于平整，其粗糙度低，则光泽度就高；反之，不同溶剂挥发速率相差很大时，则涂膜表面趋于褶皱，粗糙度变大，光泽度变小。另一方面，由于涂料中还有一些其他添加剂，有的浮在膜表面，形成干膜后造成表面凹凸不平，造成光泽度变小。
When the coatings are applied in practice, the dry coating will be formed because of the volatilization of various solvents in the mixed components. However, there are two aspects in the coating process that can significantly affect the gloss of the surface of the coating, and the nature of the coating is still caused by the different surface roughness. One is that there are many volatile solvents in the coatings, especially the solvent based coatings. The volatilization rates of different solvents are also different because of their different physical and chemical properties. When the volatilization rate of these volatile solvents is similar, the surface of the coating tends to be smooth, and the gloss is high when the roughness is low. Conversely, when the evaporation rate of different solvents is quite different, the surface of the coating tends to be wrinkled, the roughness is bigger and the gloss is smaller. On the other hand, there are some other additives in the coatings, some of them float on the surface of the membrane, which results in uneven surface, resulting in low gloss.
1.3 涂膜表面的粗糙度
The roughness of the 1.3 coating surface
物体表面光泽和物体表面的粗糙程度紧密相关[1-2]。光线照射在物体表面上时，一部分光线会被吸收，一部分会产生反射或散射现象，还有部分会发生折射现象。物体表面的粗糙度越小，则被反射的光线越多，光泽度越高。相反，如果物体表面凹凸不平，被散射的光线增多，导致光泽度降低[3]。
The surface luster of the object is closely related to the roughness of the surface of the object [1-2]. When light is irradiated on the surface of an object, a part of the light is absorbed. Part of the light is reflected or scattered, and some of the refraction will occur. The smaller the roughness of the surface of an object, the more the reflected light, the higher the glossiness. On the contrary, if the surface of the object is uneven and the scattered light increases, the glossiness is reduced by [3].
人的肉眼对物体表面粗糙的感知程度是有限的。利用微表面理论知识，可以根据公式计算：
The human eye's perception of the surface roughness of an object is limited. Using the knowledge of micro surface theory, it can be calculated according to the formula:
h=λ/cosα
H= lambda /cos alpha
式中：λ为入射光的波长；α为入射角；h为粗糙度。
In the formula: lambda is the wavelength of the incident light; alpha is the angle of incidence; h is the roughness.
假设入射角取60°，根据公式可以算出h=1.1μm，也就是说当物体表面粗糙度h大于1.1 μm时，人眼可观察到物体表现的凹凸不平，光泽度降低。
Assuming the incidence angle is 60 degrees, according to the formula, we can calculate the h=1.1 m, that is to say, when the surface roughness h is greater than 1.1 m, the human eye can observe the uneven and glossiness of objects.
1.4 颜料、细料的粒度和分布
1.4 the granularity and distribution of pigments and fine materials
涂料由于其用途需要往往加一些填料，而填料的粒度，粒度分布，体积浓度以及在涂料体系中的分散性等都会对涂膜的光泽度产生很大影响[4]。例如并不是只要填料加进去就能对涂膜的光泽度产生影响，因为如果填料的粒径小，那么其会在涂膜内部沉积，其裸露程度小，对粗糙度影响小，进而对光泽度影响就小；反之，如果粒径适合，其裸露程度大，就会对涂料光泽度产生很大影响。有研究表明，颗粒平均粒径在0.3μm以下时，对涂膜表面粗糙度基本没影响，而平均粒径在3~ 5μm时，会明显增大涂膜表面粗糙度。再说体积浓度，浓度大了，其有效裸露面积增大，有利于增加膜表面粗糙度，从而减小光泽度。而分散性越好，填料在涂料体系的粒度会变小，反而增加膜表面的光泽度。
Coatings often fill some filler because of their application needs, and the particle size, particle size distribution, volume concentration and dispersion in the coating system will have a great impact on the gloss of the coating [4]. For example, not as long as the filler added to the gloss of the coating effect, because if the filler particle size is small, so it will be in the internal coating deposition, the exposure degree of roughness is small, little influence of gloss effects on small; conversely, if the particle size is suitable for the large, it will have a considerable degree of nudity, influence of coating gloss. Studies have shown that when the average particle size is less than 0.3 m, the surface roughness of the coating is basically not affected, while the average particle size is 3~ 5 m, which will obviously increase the surface roughness of the coating. Moreover, the volume concentration, the larger concentration, the increase of the effective bare area, is beneficial to the increase of the surface roughness of the film, thus reducing the glossiness. However, the better the dispersion, the smaller the size of the filler in the coating system, but the increase of the gloss of the film surface.
2 试验部分
2 test part
2.1 试剂及器材
2.1 reagents and equipment
二氧化硅消光粉（北京），树脂（天津），固化剂（天津）。湿膜制备器（上海），丝棒（上海），自动涂膜机（上海），试验用磨砂机（上海），60°镜像光泽仪（天津），玻璃板，卷钢板。
Silicon dioxide powder (Beijing), resin (Tianjin), curing agent (Tianjin). Wet film preparation (Shanghai), silk bar (Shanghai), automatic coating machine (Shanghai), test grinding machine (Shanghai), 60 degree mirror gloss instrument (Tianjin), glass plate, coil steel plate.
2.2 试验方法与步骤
2.2 test methods and steps
2.2.1 体系A
2.2.1 system A
分散液制备：在油膏缸中加入约80 g树脂A，按树脂的不同质量百分比加入相应的二氧化硅消光粉，高速分散2000 r/min×15min，备用。
Preparation of dispersions: add 80 g resin A into the ointment jar, add the corresponding silica matting powder according to the different mass percentage of the resin, and disperse 2000 r/min x 15min at high speed.
取适量分散好的分散液，以树脂：固化剂=2：1的比例加入容器中，用玻璃棒搅拌均匀。将湿膜制备器置黑色玻璃板上，制备湿膜，取适量搅好的混合液置于黑色玻璃板上，用自动涂膜机以15 cm/s速度制备涂层，并做重复试验。
Take a proper amount of dispersible liquid, and add the resin: the ratio of the curing agent =2:1 into the container, and stir it evenly with the glass bar. The wet film preparation device was placed on the black glass plate to prepare the wet film. A suitable amount of mixed liquid was placed on the black glass plate, and the coating was prepared at the speed of 15 cm/s by automatic coating machine, and repeated experiments were done.
湿膜表干后，用光泽度仪进行光泽度的测试，取6组对比数据均值作为检测结果。
After the wet membrane surface was dried, the glossiness was tested with a glossiness meter, and the mean value of the 6 groups of contrast data was taken as the test result.
2.2.2 体系B
2.2.2 system B
分散液制备：在油膏缸中
Preparation of dispersions: in the ointment cylinder
0 Introduction
近几年来，我国的涂料工业发展迅猛，涂料总产量也跃居世界的前列。随着涂料产业的发展，人们对其色彩光泽的要求也不断提高，相应地，消光粉的应用范围也越来越广，市场需求量逐年递增。因此，对于消光粉性能的研究就显得尤为重要。本文从粒径分布角度出发，详细研究了不同粒径大小的消光粉在不同体系中消光能力的变化规律，其研究数据对涂料公司在的消光粉的购买选择，及其生产应用方面具有参考价值。
In recent years, the paint industry in China has developed rapidly, and the total output of paint is also in the forefront of the world. With the development of coatings industry, people's demand for their color and luster is also improving. Accordingly, the application range of extinction powder is also wider and wider, and the market demand is increasing year by year. Therefore, the study of the performance of the extinction powder is particularly important. From the perspective of particle size distribution, the changing rule of extinction power of different particle size matting powder in different systems is studied in detail. The research data have reference value for paint company's choice of extinction powder and its production and application.
1 光泽
1 luster
1.1 光泽和光泽的测定
1.1 determination of luster and luster
我们知道，物体在被光线照射时，会产生反射现象，而这种现象中的反射光线用一指标来表示就是光泽，反射强度的大小就是光泽度。光泽度用百分数表示[1]。由于不同的物体其表面凹凸程度即粗糙度不同，因此反射光线强度不同。表面越光滑，则反射光强度越大，光泽度也就越大；表面越凹凸不平，反射光强度越小，光泽度越小。通常用光泽仪来测定光泽度。有的光泽仪按入射角的不同有20°，60°和85°三个档位。根据光泽度的大小，可以将涂料分为亮光、亚光、无光等几种。
We know that when objects are irradiated by light, they will produce reflection phenomenon. The reflected light in this phenomenon is expressed by one index, that is, gloss. The intensity of reflection is gloss. The degree of glossiness is expressed as a percentage of [1]. Because the surface and convex degree of different objects are different, the intensity of reflected light is different. The more smooth the surface, the greater the intensity of the reflected light, the greater the glossiness, the more uneven the surface, the smaller the intensity of the reflected light, and the smaller the gloss. Gloss is usually used to determine glossiness. Some gloss are 20, 60, and 85 degrees, according to the angle of incidence. According to the size of glossiness, the paint can be divided into light, light, light and so on.
涂料按光泽度具体分类如下（以60°的反射光泽（即光线入射角为60°）划分为例）：无光涂料光泽度＜10%，亚光涂料光泽度15%～60%，亮光涂料光泽度＞60%。
According to the glossiness, the coatings are specifically classified as follows: the reflection gloss at 60 degree (i.e. the angle of light incidence is 60 degrees) is divided into an example: the matte paint gloss is less than 10%, the glossy gloss is 15% to 60%, and the gloss gloss of the gloss is 60%.
1.2 涂膜的成膜过程
The film forming process of 1.2 coating
涂料在实际应用时，由于其混合组分中多种溶剂会产生挥发作用，因而会形成干涂膜。然而涂膜过程中有两个方面能够显著影响涂膜表面的光泽度，其本质仍是表面粗糙程度不同引起的。一是，在涂料（尤指溶剂型涂料）有多种易挥发溶剂，不同的溶剂由于其物化性质不同，其挥发速率也有差异。当这几种挥发溶剂挥发速率差不多时，则涂膜表面相对趋于平整，其粗糙度低，则光泽度就高；反之，不同溶剂挥发速率相差很大时，则涂膜表面趋于褶皱，粗糙度变大，光泽度变小。另一方面，由于涂料中还有一些其他添加剂，有的浮在膜表面，形成干膜后造成表面凹凸不平，造成光泽度变小。
When the coatings are applied in practice, the dry coating will be formed because of the volatilization of various solvents in the mixed components. However, there are two aspects in the coating process that can significantly affect the gloss of the surface of the coating, and the nature of the coating is still caused by the different surface roughness. One is that there are many volatile solvents in the coatings, especially the solvent based coatings. The volatilization rates of different solvents are also different because of their different physical and chemical properties. When the volatilization rate of these volatile solvents is similar, the surface of the coating tends to be smooth, and the gloss is high when the roughness is low. Conversely, when the evaporation rate of different solvents is quite different, the surface of the coating tends to be wrinkled, the roughness is bigger and the gloss is smaller. On the other hand, there are some other additives in the coatings, some of them float on the surface of the membrane, which results in uneven surface, resulting in low gloss.
1.3 涂膜表面的粗糙度
The roughness of the 1.3 coating surface
物体表面光泽和物体表面的粗糙程度紧密相关[1-2]。光线照射在物体表面上时，一部分光线会被吸收，一部分会产生反射或散射现象，还有部分会发生折射现象。物体表面的粗糙度越小，则被反射的光线越多，光泽度越高。相反，如果物体表面凹凸不平，被散射的光线增多，导致光泽度降低[3]。
The surface luster of the object is closely related to the roughness of the surface of the object [1-2]. When light is irradiated on the surface of an object, a part of the light is absorbed. Part of the light is reflected or scattered, and some of the refraction will occur. The smaller the roughness of the surface of an object, the more the reflected light, the higher the glossiness. On the contrary, if the surface of the object is uneven and the scattered light increases, the glossiness is reduced by [3].
人的肉眼对物体表面粗糙的感知程度是有限的。利用微表面理论知识，可以根据公式计算：
The human eye's perception of the surface roughness of an object is limited. Using the knowledge of micro surface theory, it can be calculated according to the formula:
h=λ/cosα
H= lambda /cos alpha
式中：λ为入射光的波长；α为入射角；h为粗糙度。
In the formula: lambda is the wavelength of the incident light; alpha is the angle of incidence; h is the roughness.
假设入射角取60°，根据公式可以算出h=1.1μm，也就是说当物体表面粗糙度h大于1.1 μm时，人眼可观察到物体表现的凹凸不平，光泽度降低。
Assuming the incidence angle is 60 degrees, according to the formula, we can calculate the h=1.1 m, that is to say, when the surface roughness h is greater than 1.1 m, the human eye can observe the uneven and glossiness of objects.
1.4 颜料、细料的粒度和分布
1.4 the granularity and distribution of pigments and fine materials
涂料由于其用途需要往往加一些填料，而填料的粒度，粒度分布，体积浓度以及在涂料体系中的分散性等都会对涂膜的光泽度产生很大影响[4]。例如并不是只要填料加进去就能对涂膜的光泽度产生影响，因为如果填料的粒径小，那么其会在涂膜内部沉积，其裸露程度小，对粗糙度影响小，进而对光泽度影响就小；反之，如果粒径适合，其裸露程度大，就会对涂料光泽度产生很大影响。有研究表明，颗粒平均粒径在0.3μm以下时，对涂膜表面粗糙度基本没影响，而平均粒径在3~ 5μm时，会明显增大涂膜表面粗糙度。再说体积浓度，浓度大了，其有效裸露面积增大，有利于增加膜表面粗糙度，从而减小光泽度。而分散性越好，填料在涂料体系的粒度会变小，反而增加膜表面的光泽度。
Coatings often fill some filler because of their application needs, and the particle size, particle size distribution, volume concentration and dispersion in the coating system will have a great impact on the gloss of the coating [4]. For example, not as long as the filler added to the gloss of the coating effect, because if the filler particle size is small, so it will be in the internal coating deposition, the exposure degree of roughness is small, little influence of gloss effects on small; conversely, if the particle size is suitable for the large, it will have a considerable degree of nudity, influence of coating gloss. Studies have shown that when the average particle size is less than 0.3 m, the surface roughness of the coating is basically not affected, while the average particle size is 3~ 5 m, which will obviously increase the surface roughness of the coating. Moreover, the volume concentration, the larger concentration, the increase of the effective bare area, is beneficial to the increase of the surface roughness of the film, thus reducing the glossiness. However, the better the dispersion, the smaller the size of the filler in the coating system, but the increase of the gloss of the film surface.
2 试验部分
2 test part
2.1 试剂及器材
2.1 reagents and equipment
二氧化硅消光粉（北京），树脂（天津），固化剂（天津）。湿膜制备器（上海），丝棒（上海），自动涂膜机（上海），试验用磨砂机（上海），60°镜像光泽仪（天津），玻璃板，卷钢板。
Silicon dioxide powder (Beijing), resin (Tianjin), curing agent (Tianjin). Wet film preparation (Shanghai), silk bar (Shanghai), automatic coating machine (Shanghai), test grinding machine (Shanghai), 60 degree mirror gloss instrument (Tianjin), glass plate, coil steel plate.
2.2 试验方法与步骤
2.2 test methods and steps
2.2.1 体系A
2.2.1 system A
分散液制备：在油膏缸中加入约80 g树脂A，按树脂的不同质量百分比加入相应的二氧化硅消光粉，高速分散2000 r/min×15min，备用。
Preparation of dispersions: add 80 g resin A into the ointment jar, add the corresponding silica matting powder according to the different mass percentage of the resin, and disperse 2000 r/min x 15min at high speed.
取适量分散好的分散液，以树脂：固化剂=2：1的比例加入容器中，用玻璃棒搅拌均匀。将湿膜制备器置黑色玻璃板上，制备湿膜，取适量搅好的混合液置于黑色玻璃板上，用自动涂膜机以15 cm/s速度制备涂层，并做重复试验。
Take a proper amount of dispersible liquid, and add the resin: the ratio of the curing agent =2:1 into the container, and stir it evenly with the glass bar. The wet film preparation device was placed on the black glass plate to prepare the wet film. A suitable amount of mixed liquid was placed on the black glass plate, and the coating was prepared at the speed of 15 cm/s by automatic coating machine, and repeated experiments were done.
湿膜表干后，用光泽度仪进行光泽度的测试，取6组对比数据均值作为检测结果。
After the wet membrane surface was dried, the glossiness was tested with a glossiness meter, and the mean value of the 6 groups of contrast data was taken as the test result.
2.2.2 体系B
2.2.2 system B
分散液制备：在油膏缸中
Preparation of dispersions: in the ointment cylinder
